# Database

Shared database library for IPTVnator providing Drizzle ORM schema and connection utilities.

## Usage

```typescript
// Full access (electron-backend)
import { getDatabase, initDatabase } from '@iptvnator/shared/database';

// Read-only access (agent-backend)
import { getReadOnlyDatabase } from '@iptvnator/shared/database';

// Schema and types
import { content, categories, playlists, type Content } from '@iptvnator/shared/database';
```

## Exports

### Schema (`schema.ts`)
- **Tables**: `playlists`, `categories`, `content`, `recentlyViewed`, `favorites`
- **Types**: `Playlist`, `Category`, `Content`, `RecentlyViewed`, `Favorite` (and `New*` variants)

### Connection (`connection.ts`)
- `getDatabase(options?)` - Full read-write access
- `getReadOnlyDatabase()` - Read-only access for agent queries
- `initDatabase(options?)` - Initialize with custom options
- `closeDatabase()` - Close connection
- `getDatabasePath()` - Get database file path

### Connection observer (`connection-observer.ts`)
- `setDatabaseConnectionObserver(observer | null)` - Called by `initDatabase` with each connection it opens, before any statement runs on it. The Electron main process registers one only with `IPTVNATOR_PERF_CAPTURE=1`, to count main-thread SQL statements. The module has no runtime dependencies and is also importable as `@iptvnator/shared/database/connection-observer`.

## Database Location

The SQLite database is stored at `<data root>/databases/iptvnator.db`. The data
root is resolved in this order:

1. `IPTVNATOR_E2E_DATA_DIR` (E2E runs only)
2. `IPTVNATOR_DATA_DIR` (an operator-selected data root for deployments
   with a mounted volume, for example `/data`)
3. `~/.iptvnator`

## Upgrade Compatibility And Migrations

Users may skip releases. The application must apply every required migration in
dependency order when opening an older database, preserving user data without
requiring intermediate application installations or a database reset. This is
the repository policy mirrored in `AGENTS.md` and `CLAUDE.md`.

`src/lib/connection.ts` owns initialization: `createTables()` creates missing
schema objects, then `runMigrations()` applies column/index migrations and
dedicated schema/data upgrades. One-off data migrations can record completion
in `app_state`. Keep existing migration paths when adding new ones.

When changing initialization:

- Create required tables before migrating them. `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS`
  leaves existing columns unchanged.
- Add missing columns before creating indexes or triggers, or running queries,
  that depend on those columns. Put indexes depending on migrated columns in
  `INDEX_MIGRATION_STATEMENTS`, after `COLUMN_MIGRATION_STATEMENTS`, rather than
  in the earlier schema creation phase.
- Preserve existing data and make migrations safe on repeated startup. Record
  completion only after the associated migration succeeds.
- Exercise the actual initialization path with real SQLite and historical
  schema fixtures containing representative playlists, favorites, history, and
  playback positions. Verify both schema changes and preservation of those rows;
  mocked SQL calls alone do not establish upgrade compatibility.
- Include direct upgrades across skipped releases, the previous release, a fresh
  install, and repeated startup. If a release changes migration ordering, cover
  each distinct affected historical schema.

Two startup costs found on a 4 GB profile (3.9M catalog titles, 182
playlists) are guarded in `runMigrations()`:

- `deduplicateXtreamCache()` returns at once when both unique indexes
  (`src/lib/xtream-cache-unique-indexes.ts`:
  `categories_playlist_type_xtream_unique`,
  `content_category_type_xtream_unique`) exist: they make duplicates
  impossible, and its two `GROUP BY ... HAVING COUNT(*) > 1` scans cost a full
  pass over `content` on every launch otherwise (7.8 s cold on that profile).
  A profile whose unique index could not be created yet still gets the repair.
- `payload` must be the last column of `playlists` (`PLAYLISTS_COLUMNS` in
  `src/lib/playlists-table.ts`): SQLite
  reads a row's columns in order and walks the overflow pages of every column
  before the one it needs, so a column after an M3U payload costs the whole
  payload on each read (`getAppPlaylistMetas` took 4-22 s for 70 MB of
  payloads). Tables created before 0.19 got `payload` appended by `ALTER TABLE`
  with the EPG URL columns after it, and fresh installs up to 0.24 created
  `last_usage` after it; `ensurePlaylistsPayloadLast()` rebuilds such a table
  once (new table, copy, drop, rename, with foreign keys off) and is a no-op
  afterwards. It commits only if the tables referencing playlists hold no more
  foreign key violations than before; rows a legacy profile already orphaned
  do not block it. `src/lib/playlists-table.spec.ts` runs the rebuild and its
  rollback on real SQLite. The rebuild rewrites every payload, about 4 s on
  that profile; later starts open the database in about 40 ms instead of
  5-8 s. Never append a column after `payload`; add it to `PLAYLISTS_COLUMNS`
  before `payload` and to
  `COLUMN_MIGRATION_STATEMENTS`, and the rebuild moves it on the next start.

The #1580 index-ordering fix is included in 0.24 through PR #1550.
`src/lib/connection-upgrades.spec.ts` exercises `initDatabase()` with real
SQLite under the Electron runtime, using fresh-install schema snapshots from
tags 0.19–0.23 and a fresh current database. The `epg_channel_id` column is absent
in 0.19, present from 0.20, and indexed from 0.23. Each case checks current Drizzle
tables, columns/types, and named indexes/uniqueness, as well as preserved user
rows, foreign keys, database integrity, index availability, and repeated startup;
an existing EPG index must keep its definition and root page, and `payload` must
end up as the last `playlists` column (the 0.19 snapshot reaches the current
schema through the ALTER list, so it reproduces an upgraded profile's order). Snapshots live in
`src/lib/testing/fixtures/` and are independent of the current schema, so moving
the index ahead of its column migration makes the 0.19 case fail again.

Run this coverage with `pnpm nx test database --runInBand`. The Electron UI and
worker upgrade flow is also covered by
`pnpm nx run electron-backend-e2e:e2e-ci--src/legacy-playlist-migration.e2e.ts`.